To become a penetration tester, also known as a pen tester or ethical hacker, a person should have the following skills: Strong knowledge of networking and networking protocols: Pen testers need to understand how networks function and be able to identify vulnerabilities in them. Familiarity with operating systems: Pen testers need to be able to identify vulnerabilities in various operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, and macOS. Programming and scripting skills: Pen testers should be proficient in at least one programming language, such as Python or C++. This allows them to write their own tools and automate tasks. Knowledge of security principles: Pen testers need to have a good understanding of security principles, such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability, in order to identify vulnerabilities in systems. Familiarity with security tools: Pen testers should be familiar with a variety of security tools, such as Nmap, Metasploit, and Nessus, in order to perform testing and identify vulnerabilities. Problem-solving and critical thinking: Pen testers need to be able to analyze systems and think creatively in order to identify vulnerabilities that others may have missed. Good communication skills: Pen testers will often need to explain the results of their testing to non-technical clients and colleagues, so good communication skills are important. Strong report writing: Pen Testers will have to document the vulnerabilities identified, the remediation suggested, in a professional manner and present that to their clients. Legal and ethical awareness: Understanding the legal and ethical guidelines that apply to the field is important to avoid any legal issues. Continuously learning, with new technologies, vulnerabilities, attack techniques and countermeasures. Experience with web applications: Many modern systems have web interfaces that can be vulnerable to attacks. Pen testers should have experience with web application technologies, such as HTML, JavaScript, and PHP, as well as web application security concepts. Knowledge of mobile platforms: Pen testers should have experience with testing the security of mobile platforms, such as Android and iOS, and be familiar with mobile security concepts. Experience with wireless networks: Pen testers should have experience with testing the security of wireless networks, such as WiFi, and be familiar with wireless security concepts. Understanding of regulatory compliance: Pen testers should be familiar with industry-specific regulations and standards, such as PCI-DSS and HIPAA, and understand how to test for compliance with these regulations. Understanding of incident response: Pen testers should be familiar with incident response techniques and protocols, in case a breach happens. Certifications: some certifications such as OSCP,CEH, GPEN, can demonstrate a level of knowledge and experience in the field of Penetration testing and ethical hacking. It’s also important to note that being a penetration tester is a continuous learning process and staying updated with new technologies, vulnerabilities, attack techniques, and countermeasures is crucial.
